Lisp was first implemented by Steve Russell on an IBM 704 computer using punched cards. M-expressions surfaced again with short-lived attempts of MLisp by Horace Enea and CGOL by Vaughan Pratt. Once Lisp was implemented, programmers rapidly chose to use S-expressions, and M-expressions were abandoned. As an example, the M-expression car] is equivalent to the S-expression ( car ( cons A B )). McCarthy's original notation used bracketed " M-expressions" that would be translated into S-expressions. Information Processing Language was the first AI language, from 1955 or 1956, and already included many of the concepts, such as list-processing and recursion, which came to be used in Lisp. He showed that with a few simple operators and a notation for anonymous functions borrowed from Church, one can build a Turing-complete language for algorithms. McCarthy published its design in a paper in Communications of the ACM in April 1960, entitled "Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and Their Computation by Machine, Part I". John McCarthy began developing Lisp in 1958 while he was at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). A function call or syntactic form is written as a list with the function or operator's name first, and the arguments following for instance, a function f that takes three arguments would be called as ( f arg1 arg2 arg3 ). All program code is written as s-expressions, or parenthesized lists. The interchangeability of code and data gives Lisp its instantly recognizable syntax. Thus, Lisp programs can manipulate source code as a data structure, giving rise to the macro systems that allow programmers to create new syntax or new domain-specific languages embedded in Lisp. Linked lists are one of Lisp's major data structures, and Lisp source code is made of lists. The name LISP derives from "LISt Processor". As one of the earliest programming languages, Lisp pioneered many ideas in computer science, including tree data structures, automatic storage management, dynamic typing, conditionals, higher-order functions, recursion, the self-hosting compiler, and the read–eval–print loop. It quickly became a favored programming language for artificial intelligence (AI) research. Lisp was originally created as a practical mathematical notation for computer programs, influenced by (though not originally derived from) the notation of Alonzo Church's lambda calculus. Today, the best-known general-purpose Lisp dialects are Common Lisp, Scheme, Racket and Clojure. Lisp has changed since its early days, and many dialects have existed over its history. Originally specified in 1960, Lisp is the second-oldest high-level programming language still in common use, after Fortran. For drag race, autocross, track event or road race enthusiasts, the Performance Timer Accelerometers can measure your vehicle's performance as you change components, set-up, or driving styles.Lisp (historically LISP, an acronym for list processing) is a family of programming languages with a long history and a distinctive, fully parenthesized prefix notation. If you tune or modify your car, the FX1 or FX2 will let you measure how much your vehicle's performance and horsepower have changed. The Performance Timer Accelerometers provide an easy, fun, accurate way to measure your car's performance. In the "G-Meter" mode, the Performance Timer Accelerometers continuously measure and display the acceleration, braking, and cornering forces your car is producing. After you make a one-time setup with your car's weight, the unit can also calculate horsepower. In the "Timed Run" mode, the Performance Timer Accelerometers measure your vehicle's acceleration and braking forces during a brief timed run, and calculate acceleration times (including 0 to 60 mph times, quarter mile times and speeds, and 60 to 0 braking time and distance). These units are the fast and easy way to learn the facts about vehicle performance. The Beltronics Vector FX1 and Vector FX2 are "Performance Timer Accelerometers," which automatically and accurately measure your car's acceleration, cornering, G-Force, and horsepower. Vector FX2 has the same features as the FX1 plus it gives the user the ability to store up to ten runs in memory and download results to a PC or Palm PDA.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |